The impact of being a child street hawker on educational engagement and attainment in nigeria. Ghana, however, no such licensing regime is in operation and everyone can become a street hawker overnight. All the research assistants were thoroughly trained in using the tools to interview in the mother tongue of the interviewee, using translated versions in chishona and sindebele. Street hawking that was once taken for granted is now accepted as part of life in nigeria while the dangers of street trading is becoming an issue only to a couple of people who feel that government should have taken a decisive step to solve the problem. Children in the urban areas are quickly caught up in the daily struggle for survival and material gain ebigbo, 1989. The respected economist says there is aggressive street hawking in nigeria, ethiopia, kenya and other developing nations but attributes the haphazard street hawking in ghana to the typical general. A study on street children in zimbabwe guides for street adults and for street children. For instance, anarfi estimated that more than a third 36% of street children in ghana involved in street hawking. Pdf street hawking and its impact on the beautification of.
Pdf analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of street. Apr 14, 2016 the respected economist says there is aggressive street hawking in nigeria, ethiopia, kenya and other developing nations but attributes the haphazard street hawking in ghana to the typical general. We have seen the hazards and consequences of street hawking and it is a wakeup call to the various governments of africa and ghana in particular. The nonconsensual exploitation of ghanaian citizens, particularly children, is more common than the trafficking of foreign migrants.
It argues that the problem of street hawking can be explained by mertons anomic, and the situational constraint theories. Street hawking and its impacts on nairobi central business. Makola market is located next to the kwame nkrumah memorial park over the high street and bounded by kinbu, thorpe road which becomes kojo thompson avenue to the north, and pagan road. Nigeria, the most populous black nation in the world with an estimated population of about 140 million people 2006, census, is endowed with abundant human and natural resources like oil, tin, limestone, zinc, natural gas, good vegetation and climate which varies from being equatorial in the south, tropical in the centre and arid in the north. Hawkers in accra locate themselves at strategic points, such as this woman, similar to. The research instrument consist of a sample questionnaire and oral interview. The movement of internally trafficked children is either from rural to urban areas, or from one. The menace of child street hawking in west africa by an rtc alumnus. A hawker is a vendor of merchandise that can be easily transported. This should adequately enjoy the support of ecowas. Efforts at evicting street hawkers from the streets of accra. Street hawking as a source of livelihood across the developing world has often raised a lot.
These concerns noted have necessitated a decongestion and relocation of hawkers to a constructed market in accra, ghana. It ascertains challenges faced and strategies adopted to address them. Street hawking as a source of livelihood acrossthe developing world has often raised a lot of concerns regarding hygiene, slum, crime, health, human and vehicular congestion from governments, city authorities and other actors. Street vending and hawking is assuming increasing dimension due to paucity of formal job opportunities in ghana.
The causes and effect of street hawking on children of school age includes abstract and chapter one, complete project material available the causes and effect of street hawking on children of school age abstract this project work is an attempt to investigate the causes and effects of street hawking on children of school age. Nigeria, the most populous black nation in the world with an estimated population of about 140 million people 2006, census, is endowed with abundant human and natural resources like oil, tin, limestone, zinc, natural gas, good vegetation and climate which varies from being e. The menace of child street hawking in west africa by an. To eradicate child street hawking, parents and guardians should be discouraged from engaging their wards in hawking. The street child is defined as any child who may have parents or guardians in a locality but living and working in the street. Ghana was the first country to ratify the united nations convention on the rights of the child, in 1990 evidence of the countrys recognition of childrens right to be protected from economic.
The sidewalks or pavements are not big enough for pedestrians,let alone,hawkers. The menace of child street hawking in west africa by an rtc. In ghana, people like professor agyeman badu akosa and other renowned personalities have expressed their views on the menace of street hawking, but the various governments seem to be doing nothing. This article examines the dynamics of street hawking in nigeria. This study practically exposes the relative risks involved in streethawking. In ghana, the issue of street hawking has also enjoyed immense attention both within the media and in academia, due to the everincreasing numbers of street sellers in almost all major cities of the country asiedu and agyeimensah 2008.
Hawking or street selling in nigeria and africa at large is a unique phenomenon that arose out of the need to solve societal problems such as unemployment, poverty and consumer goods accessibility. Pdf street hawking and its impact on the beautification. It demonstrates how squatters and street hawkers in ghanas capital city are engaged in everyday practices of quiet encroachment, whereby they occupy urban space as a means to reproduce themselves. Various streets in accra as well as other cities and towns in ghana are increasingly becoming chocked as a result of the activities of street hawkers and the. Gbc24 takes a look at hawking on the pavements of kwame nkrumah circle. Abstract this study provides insight into the street hawking phenomenon and evaluates its impact on the beautification of the capital city of accra. A situation analysis of child abuse and neglect in nigeria, undertaken through the medium of news papers, found that child abandonment, sexual abuse, child neglect, vagrancy, kidnapping and hawking were the most reported forms of child abuse and neglect ebigbo, 1989. The impact of being a child street hawker on educational. The effect of street hawking among teenage girls project. Jul 04, 2018 we have over the years seen consequences of street hawking and it is a wakeup call to the government of ghana in particular to eliminate the disturbing menace. Managing traffic congestion in the accra central market, ghana.
There is no significant difference between the academic performance of social studies male students who participate in street hawking and that of their counterpart who do not in junior secondary school in nasarawa. It is long overdue policy makers include the controlling of street hawking operations in the country to its overall road safety objective. Whether stationary or mobile, hawkers often advertise by loud street cries or chants, and conduct banter with customers, to attract attention and enhance sales. A pedestrian market was built for the hawkers at odawna, circle a suburb of. Street food in urban ghana home food and agriculture. Aug 04, 2018 20180804 hawking is very common to see in ghana, particularly on the streets of accra where people with various goods, line up in a peculiar fashion, selling their wares for drivers. Nov 14, 2014 gbc24 takes a look at hawking on the pavements of kwame nkrumah circle. Stephen abrokwah 101935 this thesis is submitted to the department of geography and. Street hawking especially in accra has been associated with numerous problems such as congestion, human traffic, chaos, and filth in the city of accra. We have over the years seen consequences of street hawking and it is a wakeup call to the government of ghana in particular to. Ghanas major news media about the street hawking phenomenon and the. Effect of street hawking on the academic performance of. Were not promoting street hawking by selling bread da hammer.
Accra central market makola market as shown in fig. Download pdf 3 mb abstract street hawkingvending is an important activity in the informal sector which serves as a source of livelihood to many people in most developing countries across the world. A case of accraghana baama elizabeth m, kumador david k, efua vandyck and dzandu joyce a. Aside these children involved in hawking of goods are. Ghana is a country of origin, transit, and destination for women and children subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labor and forced prostitution. Ghana, hawkers, informal economy, integrated urban planning. The activities of hawkers mostly in urban centres as they try to eke out a living is always not only beset with challenges but has often raised a lot of concerns from governments, city authorities and other actors. In antigua, women, many from the maya including kaqchikel people and ladino ethnic groups, peddle handicrafts. Thus, street hawking business in ghana continues to expand, posing all kinds of problems that affect not only street users but also the street hawkers themselves. Widespread of street hawking in argentina feldman, 2001, arab cities unicef, 2001, ghana anarfi, 1997 and in africa generally, a good number of children under fourteen years engage in street vending. Street hawking during the rainy season business day ghana. Although street hawking is very pervasive, there is the increasing need to fully understand its pattern and effects on those involved in hawking particularly adolescents who combine schooling with hawking.
The study determined the impact of street hawking on the academic performance of practical agriculture students in taraba state. The purpose of the study is to investigate among others the negative impact of these street hawking activities on the beautification of accra metropolis. Were not promoting street hawking by selling bread da. Street hawking and its impact on the beautification of the capital city of ghana. Published july 04, 2016 our guest writer this month is an rtc alumnus, from our trafficking in persons course. Street selling hawking phenomenon in nigeria the guardian. Street hawking is the commonest form of child labor in nigeria. Analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of street. Street hawking and its impact on the beautification of the. Sep, 2018 get m ore information on social work project topics and materials. The livelihood implications of urban space regulation on street.
The sample used consist of 8 males and 80 females of school age selected from edo state through random sampling. The sample used consist of 8 males and 80 females of school age selected from. Unearthing entrepreneurial opportunities among youth. There is a common saying that where there is traffic, there is business which reflects a. Article 28, clause 2 of the 1992 constitution of ghana states that a child has the. Hussein n362993 2010 research project report submitted in partial fulfillment for the ward of. The primary objectives were to investigate why women ventured into street hawking and to study the challenges women who hawked along the streets of kumasi in ghana faced. We have over the years seen consequences of street hawking and it is a wakeup call to the government of ghana in particular to eliminate the disturbing menace. Selling wares on the streets of accra wiley online library. The study is useful to the government of ghana, policy making institutions.
In most places where the term is used, a hawker sells inexpensive goods, handicrafts, or food items. Apt 2003 stated that in ghana, many street youth between the ages of twelve and twenty years are without. The swelling numbers of street hawkers is attributed to the massive ruralurban migration, lack of. Ghana abstract this paper explores entrepreneurial opportunities among youth engaged in vending and hawking on the streets of accra, ghana. Page 1 of 60 street hawking and its impacts on nairobi central business district urban space. This study was designed to investigate the causes and effect of street hawking and dropout on child of school age. Street hawking on the streets of accra, ghana is characterized by traders selling various types of goods, which may consist of. Pdf to the street hawker, it is a means of making a living but to the. A pedestrian market was built for the hawkers at odawna, circle a suburb of the capital accra but these hawkers continue to sell their wares on the street. Street hawking among inschool adolescents in a southwestern. Background study street hawking over the years and its nature is the most risky kind of trading not only in ghana but the world at large. Unearthing entrepreneurial opportunities among youth vendors. Intensified sensitization and reorientation programs should be conducted by the various governments in west africa on the ills of child hawking and other forms of child abuse. Most of them sell throughout the whole week especially during school hours.
Street hawking among inschool adolescents in a south. This situation as highlighted is not different from what pertains in accra ghana. In ghana, however, no such licensing regime is in operation and everyone can become a street hawker overnight. The respected economist says there is aggressive street hawking in nigeria, ethiopia, kenya and other developing nations but attributes the haphazard street. Pdf street hawking and its impact on the beautification of the. Street hawking is probably the most risky kind of trading in the whole world.
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